Rabies Vaccination

Rabies is a life-threatening viral disease that is primarily transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, most commonly dogs, bats, and wild animals. Rabies cannot spread directly from person to person. It can be prevented through a series of vaccines, either as a pre-exposure measure for those at high risk or as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) if there is a risk of exposure to the virus. 

People who work closely with animals or who travel to regions where rabies is more common—such as parts of Asia and Africa—may benefit from the Rabies vaccine. Additionally, anyone who has been bitten by or had close contact with a potentially infected animal should receive the PEP series as soon as possible to prevent infection. 

There is no effective treatment for Rabies once symptoms begin, making prevention crucial. Rabies is entirely preventable with vaccination and responsible animal handling. 

Rabies is present in many countries worldwide, but the risk varies by region. Countries with a high risk of Rabies are typically in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and some parts of Eastern Europe. These areas have significant populations of rabid dogs, which are the primary source of human Rabies infections. 

The Rabies vaccine is highly effective in preventing Rabies infection when administered correctly and promptly. The World Health Organization (WHO) confirms that, whether given as a pre-exposure measure for those at risk or as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) following potential exposure, the Rabies vaccine provides robust and reliable protection against the virus.  

For post-exposure situations, a complete PEP series, including both the vaccine and, if indicated, Rabies immune globulin, is crucial in preventing the onset of symptoms, making timely vaccination critical for effective Rabies prevention. 

Rabies vaccination provides protection for a specific period, generally lasting 1 to 3 years, depending on individual risk factors and the type of vaccine administered. For those at ongoing risk of exposure, such as veterinarians or travellers to high-risk areas, a booster dose may be recommended to maintain immunity. Regular antibody testing can help determine when a booster is needed for continued protection against Rabies. 

Getting vaccinated before travelling is a key step in safeguarding your health, the health of those around you, and the public health of the communities you visit. For Rabies, it is advisable to get the vaccine at least 4 weeks before departure. 

A consultation with our specialist travel nurse costs £20 for the first appointment and £10 for additional people and follow ups. The consultation is required to assess your travel plans and medical history and recommend vaccinations for your individual needs. A dose of the Rabies vaccine costs £79, and 3 doses are required. The full course offers protection for up to 5 years.  

Please see our full price list for details and speak to our staff in clinics about customised price plans for groups, families or when you book your full course in advance. 

Rabies vaccination typically provides immunity for up to 5 years, depending on individual health factors and exposure risk. For those at ongoing risk, such as animal handlers or travellers to high-risk regions, a booster dose may be needed to maintain protection.     

The Rabies vaccine can generally be administered alongside other routine or travel vaccinations, but timing and any potential interactions should be reviewed with your healthcare provider during your consultation. 

You can get the Rabies vaccine in one of our flagship clinics with locations in: 

• London: Victoria, Moorgate, London Bridge 

• Hampshire: Winchester, Southampton 

• Hertfordshire: Hitchin 

• Sussex: Brighton & Hove, Worthing 

• Kent: Ashford 

You can also visit one of our local pharmacy partners by finding a clinic near you. 

Is Rabies the same as Tetanus? 

No, Rabies and Tetanus are not the same. Rabies is a viral infection that affects the nervous system and is transmitted through the bite or saliva of an infected animal, leading to severe neurological symptoms if left untreated. Tetanus, on the other hand, is caused by a bacterial toxin from *Clostridium tetani* bacteria, often entering the body through cuts or puncture wounds, causing painful muscle stiffness and spasms. 

While both diseases are serious and preventable through vaccination, they are caused by different pathogens and require separate vaccines. 

How to stay safe from animal bites? 

To stay safe from animal bites, avoid contact with stray or wild animals, particularly dogs, bats, and monkeys, which can carry diseases like Rabies. If you are travelling in high-risk areas, keep a safe distance from animals, and never provoke them. Ensure that pets or animals you interact with are properly vaccinated. In case of a bite, immediately clean the wound with soap and water and seek medical attention, even if the animal appears healthy. Consider getting pre-exposure rabies vaccination if you are in areas where Rabies is common and always follow up with post-exposure treatment if bitten. 

What is the difference between Rabies ID and IM? 

Rabies vaccines can be administered in two ways: intradermally (ID) or intramuscularly (IM). The ID method involves injecting a smaller dose into the top layer of the skin, while the IM method injects a full dose deep into the muscle, usually in the upper arm.  

The ID route is often used for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and is more economical as it requires a smaller dose. IM administration is the standard method for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), providing reliable protection and is used globally after a potential Rabies exposure. 

Both methods are effective, but the choice between them depends on individual circumstances, including the purpose of the vaccination and vaccine availability. Discuss with your healthcare provider to determine the best option based on your specific needs. 

What are symptoms of Rabies? 

Rabies symptoms initially include fever, headache, and general weakness or discomfort. As the disease progresses, more specific symptoms may develop, such as anxiety, confusion, agitation, and hallucinations. Muscle spasms, excessive saliva production, difficulty swallowing, and fear of water are also common. 

When you suspect possible exposure to the Rabies virus, what should you do? 

Once symptoms appear, Rabies is almost always fatal. If you suspect you have been exposed, it is crucial to seek medical attention immediately for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), as early intervention can prevent the onset of symptoms.   

• Wash the bite or scratch thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes. This helps reduce the risk of infection. 

• Visit a healthcare provider as soon as possible, even if the animal appears healthy. They will assess the risk and determine whether you need post-exposure Rabies vaccination. 

• If possible, try to identify the animal that caused the exposure. If it is a domestic pet, determine its vaccination status. If it is a wild animal, report the incident to local authorities for assessment. 

• If recommended, start the Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) regimen, which includes a series of Rabies vaccinations. The treatment is highly effective if given promptly after exposure. 

At CityDoc, we are not able to provide post exposure vaccination as this is done through Public Health England. 

Human Rabies Immunoglobulin 

HRIG is essential for those with the infection that have not received any Rabies pre-travel vaccinations but is often unavailable or unreliable in many countries. Rabies infection is often fatal, and the immunoglobulin could be a lifesaver. HRIG is manufactured from non-UK human blood products and therefore Hepatitis B might also be a risk factor. 

The immunoglobulin provides immunity for the first 7 days post exposure, so it is essential this is sought urgently for those not vaccinated. 

If a patient cannot complete the whole course of Rabies vaccinations before travel, just one vaccine will stop the need for immunoglobulin. Completion of the Rabies vaccination course will be essential post exposure, but it will eradicate the need the immunoglobulin. The completion of the recommended 3 doses of Rabies pre-travel gives optimum immunity. 

At CityDoc, we are not able to provide post exposure vaccination as this is done through Public Health England. 

What is the schedule for the Rabies vaccine? 

The Rabies vaccine can be given as a standard 3-dose or accelerated 4-dose course. The accelerated course may be given if there is insufficient time for a longer course before travel. The nurse will recommend the most suitable schedule and brand during the consultation. 

Having the rabies vaccine at the same time as other vaccines 

The Rabies vaccine can be given at the same time as other vaccines without any known adverse interactions. In fact, it is often administered alongside other vaccines, especially for travellers who may need multiple immunisations for various diseases. However, it is important to follow proper guidelines for administration and ensure that the vaccines are administered in separate injection sites (if applicable). 

How often do you need a Rabies booster? 

A Rabies booster is typically recommended every 1 to 3 years, depending on individual risk factors and likelihood of exposure. For people at high risk, such as veterinarians, animal handlers, or travellers to high-risk areas, regular antibody testing can help determine if a booster is needed to maintain adequate immunity. 

Consult with your healthcare provider to discuss the best schedule for booster doses based on your specific needs and exposure risk. 

Can children have the Rabies vaccine? 

Yes, the Rabies vaccine is available for children from birth onwards as a 3-dose or 4-dose course: 

Who is not able to have the Rabies vaccine? 

The Rabies vaccine is generally safe, but there are some situations where it may not be recommended. It should not be given to individuals who have: 

• A history of severe allergic reactions to a previous dose of Rabies vaccine or any components of the vaccine. 

• An acute illness with a high fever (greater than 38.5°C). 

• Certain immune system disorders. 

While not routinely recommended during pregnancy, the Rabies vaccine can be given to pregnant women if there is a high risk of exposure to Rabies and no immediate access to post-exposure treatment. Similarly, breastfeeding mothers can receive the vaccine if needed, as the benefits of preventing Rabies outweigh potential risks. 

The Rabies vaccine does not interact with other vaccines, meaning it can be given alongside or at any time before or after vaccines such as Yellow Fever, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, or Typhoid vaccines. 

Is the Rabies vaccine free on the NHS? 

The Rabies vaccine is not routinely offered for free on the NHS for most people. However, it may be provided at no cost in specific situations, such as for individuals who are at high risk due to their occupation (e.g., veterinarians, laboratory workers) or for those who require post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) after a potential Rabies exposure, such as a bite from an infected animal. 

For travellers, the Rabies vaccine is typically available through private clinics such as CityDoc, and there is usually a cost involved. 

What additional precautions do I need to take to avoid Rabies? 

When traveling to areas where Rabies is prevalent, it is important to take extra precautions to reduce the risk of exposure. Here are some key measures to follow:   

• Stay away from wild animals, stray dogs, cats, and other potentially infected animals. Rabies is most commonly transmitted through bites or scratches from infected animals. 

• If you are travelling to a high-risk area or plan to be in remote locations with limited access to medical care, consider getting the rabies pre-exposure vaccine. This will help protect you in case of an animal bite and reduce the need for extensive post-exposure treatment. 

• If you are bitten, scratched, or licked by an animal, immediately clean the wound with soap and water for at least 15 minutes, and seek medical attention as soon as possible. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), which includes a series of Rabies vaccinations, is essential for preventing infection. 

• Do not pet or feed stray animals, and be cautious when encountering animals in parks, streets, or rural areas. 

• If you are travelling with pets, make sure they are vaccinated against Rabies and avoid letting them come into contact with animals that may carry the virus. 

• Be aware of the Rabies risk in the region you are visiting. High-risk countries include parts of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, where rabies is more common among animals.